【资料过去分词作后置定语汇编(18页)】在英语语法中，过去分词作后置定语是一种常见的语言现象，广泛应用于书面语和口语表达中。它不仅能够丰富句子的结构，还能使语言更加简洁、正式。本资料旨在系统整理和归纳过去分词作后置定语的相关用法、搭配及典型例句，帮助学习者更好地掌握这一语法点。
一、什么是过去分词作后置定语？
过去分词作后置定语，指的是将过去分词放在被修饰名词之后，起到修饰或限定作用的一种语法结构。这种结构通常用于表示被动意义或完成状态，常见于描述事物的状态、用途、来源等。
例如：
- The book written by him is very popular.
（他写的那本书很受欢迎。）
- The problem solved yesterday is quite difficult.
（昨天解决的那个问题相当难。）
二、过去分词作后置定语的常见用法
1. 表示被动含义
当名词是动作的承受者时，过去分词常用来表示被动关系。
- The man seen at the station is a detective.
（在车站看到的那个人是个侦探。）
- The house built in 1900 is now a museum.
（建于1900年的房子现在是一座博物馆。）
2. 表示完成状态
过去分词可以表示某事已经完成，强调结果或状态。
- The meeting held last week was very productive.
（上周举行的会议非常有成效。）
- The letter sent by email arrived quickly.
（通过电子邮件发送的信件很快就到了。）
3. 表示用途或功能
有时过去分词也可以用来说明某物的用途或功能。
- The room used as a library is now empty.
（曾被用作图书馆的房间现在空着。）
- The tool designed for cutting is very sharp.
（设计用于切割的工具非常锋利。）
三、过去分词作后置定语的注意事项
1. 与现在分词的区别
过去分词作后置定语多表示被动或完成，而现在分词则表示主动或进行。
- The developed country is economically strong.
（发达国家经济强大。）——被动/完成
- The developing country is growing fast.
（发展中国家发展迅速。）——主动/进行
2. 与形容词的区别
有些过去分词可作形容词使用，但此时通常不加“the”或“a”。
- The bored student left the class.
（感到无聊的学生离开了教室。）
- The boring lecture made everyone sleepy.
（枯燥的讲座让大家都困了。）
3. 与动词不定式作后置定语的区别
不定式作后置定语时表示将来或目的，而过去分词则表示被动或完成。
- The book to read is on the table.
（要读的书在桌子上。）——不定式
- The book read by me is very interesting.
（我读过的书非常有趣。）——过去分词
四、常见搭配与例句汇总（部分）
| 名词 | 过去分词 | 例句 |
|------|----------|------|
| problem | solved | The problem solved by the team was complex. |
| house | built | The house built in 1950 is still standing. |
| letter | written | The letter written by her was heartfelt. |
| car | repaired | The car repaired last week is now running smoothly. |
| question | answered | The question answered correctly got full marks. |
| time | spent | The time spent studying was well worth it. |
| project | completed | The project completed ahead of schedule was a success. |
五、常见错误与辨析
1. 误用现在分词代替过去分词
❌ The person standing there is my teacher.
✅ The person stood there is my teacher.
—— 正确应为“stood”，因为这里不是进行动作，而是描述状态。
2. 忽略逻辑主语的一致性
❌ The movie watched by millions is a classic.
✅ The movie watched by millions is a classic.
—— 此处逻辑主语是“movie”，与“watched”构成被动关系，正确。
六、练习题（附答案）
1. The man ___ in the accident was taken to hospital.
A. injured
B. injuring
C. being injured
D. to injure
答案：A
2. The book ___ by the famous writer is now a bestseller.
A. write
B. writing
C. written
D. writes
答案：C
3. The students ___ the exam were very nervous.
A. taking
B. taken
C. to take
D. take
答案：B
4. The cake ___ in the oven is ready.
A. baked
B. baking
C. to bake
D. bake
答案：A
七、总结
过去分词作后置定语是英语中一种重要的语法结构，尤其在书面语中应用广泛。掌握其用法不仅能提升语言表达的准确性，还能增强对复杂句子的理解能力。通过不断积累和练习，学习者可以更自如地运用这一语法点，提高英语写作和阅读水平。
本资料共18页，涵盖以上内容，适合初学者至中高级学习者使用。
